Which Procedure Helps To Ensure Equipment Does Not Accidentally Re Energize When It's Being Repaired

Protection from Electrocution Hazards

Electric line Rubber

When cranes and derrick operations are conducted effectually power lines, the employer must determine if whatever part of the equipment, load line or load (including rigging and lifting accessories), if operated up to the equipment's maximum working radius in the work zone, could get closer than 20 feet to a power line. If and then, the employer must meet one of the following requirements:

1. De-energize and ground. Ostend from the utility owner/operator that the power line has been de-energized and visibly grounded at the worksite.
2. xx foot clearance. Ensure that no part of the equipment, load line, or load (including rigging and lifting accessories), gets closer than twenty feet to the power line by implementing the measures specified in paragraph (b) of this department.
3. Tabular array A clearance. The minimum clearance distance when working around ability lines up to 50kV is 10 anxiety. Click the push button to review 1926.1408, Table A - Minimum Clearance Distances, that lists clearance distances for other power lines voltages.

Tabular array A - Minimum Clearance Distances

Voltage (nominal, kV, alternating electric current)	Minimum clearance distance (feet)
Up to l	ten
Over l to 200	15
Over 200 to 350	20
Over 350 to 500	25
Over 500 to 750	35
Over 750 to thou	45
Over thou	(As established past the power line owner/operator or registered professional person engineer who is a qualified person with respect to electric ability manual and distribution)

The following are preventive measures for workers to consider. Before work begins, make sure:

Always maintain safe clearance distances.

• equipment/action is located within a safe working altitude from power lines;
• the utility company has de-energized and visibly grounded the power lines or installed insulated sleeves on power lines;
• flagged warning lines have been installed to marker horizontal and vertical power line clearance distances; and
• tools and materials used are nonconductive.

Click the button below to a video on a crane contact electrical accident.

1. What is the minimum clearance distance from a power line rated at to 7.5 kV?

a. 5 feet
b. 10 feet
c. 15 feet
d. 20 anxiety

Next Department

Power line Safety (Continued...)

Cranes and other loftier-reaching equipment. Be certain the utility company has confirmed the voltage and, therefore, the safe working distance from the power lines. Also, if applicable and feasible, utilize a/an: observer; insulated link; blast muzzle guard; proximity device.

Mobile heavy equipment. If provided, use installed rider posts nether power lines to avoid working also shut to the ability lines.

Scaffolds. Erecting scaffolds under or next to power lines may cause workers to violate safe clearance distances and expose them to electrocution. Care must be taken to ensure the scaffold does not contact ability lines or that workers cannot expose themselves to electrocution while using equipment on the scaffold.

Ladders. Fatalities occur every year due to the employ of metallic ladders nether ability lines. It'southward easy to forget the locations of power lines when focused on tasks. Therefore, utilise only nonconductive ladders and exist sure to retract them before moving. If it'due south necessary to use metallic ladders, make sure you retract and carry them horizontally.

Material storage. Ensure no materials are stored under power lines, and use caution tape and signs to cordon off expanse nether power lines.

Excavations. Locate and understand the markings the local underground line locator service has marked earlier earthworks. Hand dig within three anxiety of cable location (be aware that more than one underground cable may be buried in area of locator markings).

Real-Globe Accident

Let's take a look at a real world blow caused by failing to maintain safe clearance distances.

This blast is ix.5 feet from the power line. Is it too close?

Description of Blow

Employees were moving a steel awning structure using a crane. The boom cable made contact with a 7.2 kV electrical power distribution line electrocuting the operator of the crane; he was the foreman at the site.

Inspection Results

As a consequence of its investigation OSHA issued citations for iv serious violations of its structure standards dealing with preparation, protective equipment, and working too close to power lines. OSHA's structure condom standards include several requirements that, if they had been followed here might have prevented this fatality.

What would you recommend?

Recommendations

• Develop and maintain a safety and health plan to provide guidance for safe operations (29 CFR1926.20(b)(i))
• Instruct each employee on how to recognize and avoid unsafe conditions that use to the piece of work and work areas (29 CFR 1926.21(b)(2))
• If high voltage lines are not de-energized, visibly grounded, or protected by insulating barriers, equipment operators must maintain a minimum distance of x feet between their equipment and the electrical distribution or transmission lines (29 CFR 1926.550(a)(fifteen)(i))

2. Which of the following is necessary when using loftier-reaching equipment almost overhead power lines?

a. Apply metal/conductive ladders
b. Paw dig inside 10 anxiety of a cablevision location
c. Ensure the utility company has confirmed voltages
d. Keep stacked materials under power lines to a minimum

Next Section

Power line Safety (Continued...)

What Must Your Employer practise to Protect You?

Before working on overhead power lines, employers must ensure power lines are de-energized and grounded past the owner/operator of the lines, or other protective methods must be used, such as:

• electrical personal protective equipment, (insulating gloves, footwear, hoods, sleeves, protective clothing, and hearing protectors);
• non-conductive ladders and platforms;
• fall arrest and positioning systems; and
• other protective equipment (insulator caps, distribution cutting-out covers, insulating line hoses, bushing covers, insulating shields, insulating cross-arm covers, and insulating pole wraps) to prevent contact with the lines.

Power visitor installing sleeves over power lines.

Training

Employers must initially train workers upon initial assignment on specific prophylactic work practices, safe procedures, and other safety requirements. Qualified employees must be trained in competent in:

• the skills and techniques necessary to distinguish exposed alive parts from other parts of electric equipment;
• the skills and techniques necessary to determine the nominal voltage of exposed live parts;
• the minimum approach distances corresponding to the voltages to which they volition be exposed and the skills and techniques necessary to maintain those distances;
• the proper use of the special precautionary techniques, personal protective equipment, insulating and shielding materials, and insulated tools for working on or near exposed energized parts of electric equipment; and
• the recognition of electrical hazards to which they may be exposed and the skills and techniques necessary to control or avoid these hazards.

Real-World Accident

Let's take a wait at a real world accident caused by failing to maintain safe clearance distances.

Always know what higher up you when working with ladders and poles.

Description of Accident

Five employees were constructing a concatenation link fence in forepart of a house and directly beneath a 7200-volt energized power line. They were installing 21-foot sections of metal superlative rail on the fence. One employee picked upwards a 21-human foot department of pinnacle runway and held it upwards vertically. The top runway contacted the 7200-volt line, and the employee was electrocuted.

Inspection Results

Following its inspection, OSHA determined the employee who was killed had never received any rubber preparation from his employer nor any specific instruction in avoiding the hazards posed past overhead power lines. The bureau issued ii serious citations for the preparation deficiencies.

What would you recommend?

Recommendations

1. Employers must instruct employees to recognize and avoid unsafe weather applicable to their work surroundings - 29 CFR 1926.21(b)(two).
2. Employers must non permit employees to piece of work in proximity to any part of an electrical ability circuit when the employee could contact it during the course of work, unless the employee is protected against electric shock by de-energizing the circuit and grounding information technology or by guarding it effectively by insulation or other ways - 29 CFR 1910.416(a)(1).

3. Before working on overhead power lines, employees must use _____.

a. conductive shorting confined
b. nonconductive warning signs
c. electrical personal protective equipment
d. blazon A bump caps

Next Department

Ground Error Circuit Interrupters

A GFCI is a ground mistake circuit interrupter designed to protect people from severe and sometimes fatal electrical shock. A GFCI detects ground faults and interrupts the catamenia of electric current and is designed to protect the worker past limiting the duration of an electrical shock.

An Instance of How a GFCI Works

A homeowner is using an old drill with a loose bare wire within it touching the outer metal housing. When the drill is plugged in, the housing of the drill is charged with electricity. If it is used outside in the rain and the worker is standing on the ground, in that location is a path from the hot wire inside the drill through the worker to the ground. If electricity flows from the drill to ground through the worker, it could be fatal. GFCIs monitor the current-to-the load for leakage to basis. When this leakage exceeds 5 mA + i mA, the GFCI interrupts the current, trips the circuit, and cuts off the electricity.

Click the push button to see a video explaining how GFCIs work.

Click the button below to review an accident caused improper GFCI safety.

Metal ladder on scaffold. A missing footing prong caused a fatality.

Description of Accident

I employee was climbing a metallic ladder to hand an electric drill to the journeyman installer on a scaffold about 5 feet in a higher place him. When the victim reached the tertiary rung from the bottom of the ladder, he received an electric daze that killed him. The investigation revealed that the extension cord had a missing grounding prong and that a conductor on the green grounding wire was making intermittent contact with the energizing black wire thereby energizing the entire length of the grounding wire and the drill's frame. The drill was not double insulated.

Inspection Results

Every bit a result of its investigation, OSHA issued citations for violations of structure standards.

What would you recommend?

Recommendations

• Use canonical ground fault circuit interrupters (GFCI) or an assured equipment grounding conductor programme to protect employees on construction sites [29 CFR 1926.404(b)(1)].
• Employ equipment that provides a permanent and continuous path from circuits, equipment, structures, conduit or enclosures to ground [29 CFR 1926.404(d)(6)].
• Inspect electrical tools and equipment daily and remove damaged or lacking equipment from use until it is repaired [29 CFR 1926.404(b)(iii)(c)].

four. A GFCI protects the worker by _____.

a. increasing the lag time for disconnection
b. limiting the duration of an electrical shock
c. improving the quality of current connections
d. decreasing voltage and current ratings

Side by side Section

Receptacle GFCI

Types of GFCI

Receptacle GFCI: Often found on structure work sites, outdoor areas and other locations where damp atmospheric condition do or could be. The receptacle GFCI fits into the standard outlet box and protects users against ground faults when an electric product is connected to the GFCI protected outlet.

These should be tested subsequently installation and once a month by:

• Plug in a test calorie-free or ability tool and turn "On."
• Push the "Test" button on the receptacle; the "Test" push button should pop up, and the power to the lite or tool should be "Off."
• Push "Reset" to restore power to the outlet.
• If the above steps worked, the GFCI passed the test and is functioning properly; if the GFCI failed the test, remove it from service.

Portable GFCI

If a light or power tool remains "ON" when the "Test" push is pushed, the GFCI is non working properly or has been incorrectly installed (miswired). If this is the example, a qualified electrician needs to be contacted to properly wire or replace the GFCI device.

Portable/Temporary GFCI: A portable GFCI is an extension cord combined with a GFCI. Information technology adds flexibility in using receptacles that are not protected by GFCIs. Extension cords with GFCI protection incorporated should be used when permanent protection is unavailable.

These should exist tested prior to each and every use by:

• visually inspecting the device for obvious defects and/or broken parts;
• plugging in a test light/tool to the extension cord;
• pushing the "Reset" button on the GFCI device;
• pushing the "Test" button to verify no voltage at outlet (east.thou., the light or tool shuts off); and
• pushing the "Reset" push to verify the power is restored.

5. Which devices should be tested at to the lowest degree once a month on a structure site?

a. All pneumatic tools
b. Portable extension cords
c. Site lighting circuits
d. Receptacle GFCIs

Side by side Section

Types of GFCI (Connected)

Circuit Breaker GFCI - Eaton

Circuit Breaker GFCI: The GFCI circuit billow controls an entire circuit and is installed as a replacement for a circuit billow on the main circuit board. Rather than install multiple GFCI outlets, one GFCI excursion breaker can protect the unabridged circuit. At sites equipped with excursion breakers, this type of GFCI might be installed in a panel box to give protection to selected circuits.

Circuit breaker GFCIs should be tested monthly. Keep in mind that the test will disconnect power to everything on the circuit.

Employer Responsibilities

OSHA ground-fault protection rules and regulations have been determined necessary and advisable for worker safety and health. It is your employer's responsibleness to provide either:

• GFCIs on construction sites for receptacle outlets in utilise and not part of the permanent wiring of the structure; or
• a scheduled and recorded bodacious equipment grounding conductor program on structure sites.

6. Which blazon of GFCI controls an entire electric circuit?

a. Circuit breaker GFCI
b. Receptacle GFCI
c. Portable GFCI
d. Main GFCI

Next Department

Assured Equipment Grounding Usher Program (AEGCP)

The AEGCP covers all string sets, receptacles that are not a part of the permanent wiring of the building or structure, and equipment connected past cord and plug that are bachelor for employ or used by employees. OSHA requires a written description of the employer'due south AEGCP, including the specific procedures adopted, be kept at the job site. This programme should outline the employer's specific procedures for the required equipment inspections, tests, and test schedule.

The required tests must exist recorded, and the record maintained until replaced past a more current record. The written program description and the recorded tests must be fabricated bachelor, at the task site, to OSHA and whatsoever affected employee upon asking. The employer is required to designate one or more than competent persons to implement the program.

Employers demand to ensure electrical equipment is visually inspected for damage before each day's use.

Electrical equipment noted in the AEGCP must be visually inspected for impairment or defects earlier each day's use. The employee must not employ any damaged or defective equipment until it is repaired.

OSHA requires two tests:

1. Continuity Exam: The continuity test ensures that the equipment grounding conductor is electrically continuous. Perform this exam on all cord sets, receptacles that are not part of a building or structure's permanent wiring, and cord- and plug-connected equipment required to be grounded. This examination can be accomplished with various test equipment.
2. Final Connection Test: The terminal connection exam ensures that the equipment grounding usher is continued to its proper terminal at receptacles and cord plugs. Perform this exam with the same equipment used in the first exam, or for receptacles employ receptacle testers.

7. Which test is required past OSHA in the Bodacious Equipment Grounding Conductor Programme (AEGCP)?

a. Secondary Connection Test
b. Maximum Voltage Examination
c. Main Circuit Test
d. Continuity Test

Next Section

Audit Portable Tools and Extension Cords

The OSHA structure standard requires flexible cords to be rated for hard or extra-hard usage. These ratings are derived from the National Electrical Lawmaking, and your employer is required to brand sure the cord is indelibly marked approximately every human foot forth the length of the string.

Workers need to audit extension cords prior to their use for any cuts or chafe. Extension cords may have damaged insulation. Sometimes the insulation within an electrical tool or appliance is damaged. When the insulation is damaged, exposed metal parts may become energized if a live wire inside touches them. Electric hand tools that are old, damaged, or misused may have damaged insulation inside. You can click the following links to review toolbox talk 2 and toolbox talk 3.

Flexible cords used with temporary and portable lights must be designed for hard or extra-hard usage. They must be marked with usage blazon designation size and number of conductors. The string could be marked with a fourteen/three meaning the conductor size (AWG) is 14, and the number of conductors is 3.

Extension cords must exist 3-wire type so they may be grounded, and able to permit grounding of whatever tools or equipment connected to them.

Limit exposure of connectors and tools to excessive moisture by using watertight or sealable connectors.

Wire Size and Ampacity

In terms of conducting electrical current, size matters (the size of the electric conductor). Click on the button below and look at the table regarding ampacity, the current-carrying capacity of a conductor in amps. Yous'll notice ii things: the amount of current a wire can safely carry increases as the diameter (and area) of the wire increases and as the number of the wire size decreases.

AWG Copper Wire Table

Copper Wire Size (AWG)	Bore(Mils)	Area (Circular mils)	Ampacity in Complimentary Air	Ampacity as Role of three-conductor Cable
14 AWG	64.1	4109	20 Amps	15 Amps
12 AWG	80.8	6529	25 Amps	20 Amps
x AWG	101.ix	10,384	forty Amps	thirty Amps
eight AWG	128.5	16,512	70 Amps	50 Amps

Click the buttons below to videos on a crane contact electrical cables and cords.

8. The cord marked equally 14/three means _____.

a. the conductor size is fourteen and has 3 wires
b. the usher length is xiv and iii cm in diameter
c. the string has 3-prong plug every 14 anxiety
d. the cord is rated for 14 amps at 3 ohms resistance

Next Department

Using Power Tools and Equipment

Are these cords a tripping adventure?

Workers using power tools and equipment should follow tool safety tips to avert misusing equipment.

• Never carry a tool by the string.
• Never yank the cord to disconnect it.
• Ensure cords practise not cause a tripping hazard.
• Keep cords abroad from estrus, oil, and sharp edges.
• Disconnect tools when non in use and when changing accessories such as blades and bits.
• Do not concur fingers on the switch button while carrying a plugged-in tool.
• Use gloves and advisable footwear.
• Store tools in a dry identify when not using.
• Don't use tools in moisture/damp environments.
• Go on working areas well lit.
• Remove damaged tools from use.
• Use double-insulated tools.

Click the buttons beneath to see some mutual examples of misusing equipment.

The footing prong must never be removed from the plug.

• using multi-receptacle boxes designed to be mounted by plumbing fixtures them with a power cord and placing them on the floor
• fabricating extension cords with ROMEX wire
• using equipment outdoors that is labeled for employ but in dry out, indoor locations
• attaching ungrounded, two-prong adapter plugs to three-prong cords and tools
• using circuit breakers or fuses with the incorrect rating for over-current protection (e.g., using a 30-amp breaker in a organisation with 15 or twenty amp receptacles - protection is lost because it will not trip when the system's load has been exceeded)
• using modified cords or tools (i.e., ground prongs removed, confront plates, insulation, etc.)
• using cords or tools with worn insulation or exposed wires

Workers need to know even when the power system is properly grounded, electrical equipment can instantly alter from safe to hazardous because of extreme conditions and rough treatment.

What Must Your Employer do to Protect You?

Your employer needs to ensure all ability tools and equipment are maintained in a rubber condition to:

• footing ability supply systems, electric circuits, and electrical equipment
• ofttimes inspect electric systems to ensure path to ground is continuous
• ensure workers empathize to audit electrical equipment prior to use
• ensure ground prongs are non removed from tools or extension cords
• footing exposed metallic parts of equipment

9. Using a xxx-amp billow in a organization with 15 or xx amp receptacles is not allowed considering _____.

a. it does not engage until 20 volts is reached
b. information technology does non trip until it gets too hot
c. it will not trip when the load has been exceeded
d. it volition trip prior as well early

Next Section

Lockout/Tagout protects against unexpected startup.

Lockout/Tagout Procedures

Lockout/tagout is an essential safety procedure to protect workers from injury while working on or near electrical circuits and equipment.

Lockout/tagout also prevents contact with operating equipment parts such as blades, gears, shafts, etc., and prevents the unexpected release of chancy gases, fluids, or solid matter in areas where workers are present.

To protect against existence electrocuted, workers need to follow lockout/tagout procedures. If performing lockout/tagout on circuits and equipment, you lot may use the following checklist.

• Identify all sources of electrical free energy for the equipment or circuits in question.
• Disable backup energy sources such as generators and batteries.
• Identify all shut-offs for each energy source.
• Notify all personnel equipment and circuitry must exist shut off, locked out, and tagged out (just turning a switch off is non enough).
• Shut off energy sources and lock switch gear in the OFF position. Each worker should apply his/her individual lock and keys kept with the worker.
• A qualified person must test equipment and circuitry to brand sure they are de-energized.
• Deplete stored free energy (for example, in capacitors) by bleeding, blocking, grounding, etc.
• Employ a lock or tag to alarm other workers that an energy source or piece of equipment has been locked or tagged out.
• Make sure all workers are safe and accounted for before equipment and circuits are unlocked and turned back on. Only a qualified person may determine when it is safe to re-energize circuits.

Only qualified persons may work on electric excursion parts or equipment that has not been de-energized. Such persons must be capable of working safely on energized circuits and must be familiar with the proper apply of special precautionary techniques, PPE, insulating and shielding materials, and insulated tools.

Real-Globe Accident

Permit's take a await at a couple of a existent earth accident and a video about failures to follow lockout/tagout procedures.

Description of Blow

An electrician was removing metal fish tape (a fish record is used to pull wire through a conduit run) from a hole at the base of a metallic light pole. The fish tape became energized, electrocuting him.

Inspection Results

As a result of its inspection, OSHA issued a commendation for three serious violations of the agency's construction standards. Had requirements for de-energizing energy sources been followed, the electrocution might accept been prevented.

What would y'all recommend?

Recommendations

• Ensure all circuits are de-energized before beginning work - 29 CFR 1926.416(a)(3).
• Controls to be deactivated during the class of work on energized or de-energized equipment or circuits must be tagged - 29 CFR 1926.417(a).
• Employees must exist instructed to recognize and avoid unsafe conditions associated with their work - 29 CFR 1926.21(b)(2).

10. When using lockout/tagout of, be certain to place _____.

a. voltage circuits above 120 vac
b. all sources of energy
c. proper manufacturer recommendations
d. electrical energy sources

Next Section

Employer Lockout/Tagout Responsibilities

Enforcement. Your employer must enforce LOTO prophylactic-related piece of work practices by ensuring:

• controls that are to be deactivated during the course of piece of work on energized or de-energized equipment or circuits are locked out, tagged or both;
• equipment or circuits that are de-energized shall be rendered inoperative and post tags attached at all points where such equipment or circuits can be energized;
• tags are placed to evidently identify the equipment or circuits existence worked on; and
• all circuits used to energize equipment are locked out/tagged out if any worker is exposed to contact with parts of stock-still electric equipment that has been de-energized.

Exercise you lot recall this electrical wire is protected from chafe?

Isolation.The employer must ensure electrical parts are properly isolated, and conductors inbound boxes, cabinets, or fittings are protected from abrasion. Openings through which conductors enter must be airtight. Unused openings in cabinets, boxes, and fittings must likewise exist effectively.

All pull boxes, junction boxes, and fittings must have covers. Metallic covers need to exist grounded. In energized installations, each outlet box needs to have a cover, faceplate, or fixture canopy. Covers of outlet boxes having holes through which flexible cord pendants pass shall exist provided with bushings designed for the purpose or shall have polish, well-rounded surfaces on which the cords may rest.

Ensure Proper Guarding. Guarding involves locating or enclosing electric equipment to ensure workers do not accidentally come into contact with its alive parts. Constructive guarding requires equipment with exposed parts operating at fifty volts or more than to be placed where they are accessible only to authorized people qualified to work with/on the equipment.

Training. Workers need be trained in and familiar with the safety-related piece of work practices that pertain to their corresponding job assignments. Employers should railroad train their employees to:

• de-energize electric equipment before inspecting or repairing;
• employ cords, cables, and electric tools that are in skilful repair;
• know and understand lockout/tagout recognition and procedures; and
• use appropriate protective equipment.

11. What must your employer do to help protect you lot from electric hazards?

a. Ensure electrical parts are properly isolated
b. Allow employees to work effectually exposed live wiring
c. Shut off all power to the job site while piece of work is being conducted
d. Only hire electricians to perform all work at the job site

Bank check your Work

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Which Procedure Helps To Ensure Equipment Does Not Accidentally Re Energize When It's Being Repaired,

Source: https://www.oshatrain.org/courses/mods/809m2.html

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